Addressing the Pessimistic and Optimistic Views Within African American Literature Regarding the Harlem Renaissance

Nicholas Holmes

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Works Cited 

 “About Gwendolyn Bennet.” Poets.org, Academy of American Poets, https://poets.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett. Accessed 7 Feb. 2023. 

Bennet, Gwendolyn. “To a Dark Girl. Poets.org, Academy of American Poets, https://poets.org/poem/dark-girl. Accessed 7 Feb. 2023. 

Bontemps, Arna. “A Black Man Talks of Reaping.” Poetry Foundation, 2000, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47539/a-black-man-talks-of-reaping. Accessed 7 Feb. 2023. 

Banes, Ruth A. “Relentlessly Writing the Weary Song: Blues Legacies in Literature.” Canadian Review of American Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, Summer 1990, pp. 57–71. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.3138/CRAS-021-01-05. 

Collins, Michael J. “Afropessimism, Liminal Hotspots, and Claude McKay’s Aesthetic of Sovereign Rejection in Romance in Marseille.” English Language Notes, vol. 59, no. 1, Apr. 2021, pp. 208–17. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-8815071. 

Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. Vintage International, 1952. 

Fauset, Jessie Redmon. Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral. Elkin Mathews & Marrot, 1928. 

History.com Editors. “Harlem Renaissance.” History, A&E Television Networks, 11 Jan. 2023, https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/harlem-renaissance .  

Hughes, Langston. “Harlem Night Club.” Poets.org. Academy of American Poets. https://poets.org/poem/harlem-night-club. Accessed 7 Feb. 2023. 

“Jessie Redmon Fauset.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 26 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jessie-Redmon-Fauset.  

Johnson, James Weldon. “The Culture Capital 1925.”  National Humanities Center, http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text1/johnsonharlem.pdf. 

McKay, Claude. Romance in Marseille. Penguin Random House Books, 2020.  

Snelson, Floyd G. “Harlem ‘Negro Capital of the Nation.’” The Plaindealer, 28 Apr. 1939, p. 3. Readex: African American Newspapers. infoweb-newsbank-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/apps/readex/doc. Accessed 7 Feb. 2023.