What if the whole world went vegan? A vegan lifestyle claims to be the solution to diverse worldwide complex problems such as (1) diseases of affluence (such as heart diseases, diabetes and cancer) (2) malnutrition (3) animal rights and (4) climate change. Following a vegan diet seems like the new social media trend for the new generation with vegan hashtags, Instagram accounts and “healthy” YouTube vloggers. Opinion among health professionals is divided; some are concerned about meat-free diets protein, mineral (iron, calcium, zinc), and vitamin (vitamin B12, and vitamin D) deficiencies and others support the fact that a well-planned plant-based diet meets nutritional needs. The study of the basic concepts of nutritional science is required to identify multiple approaches to solving our health crisis. What are the unspoken social/ethical norms when it comes to consumer behaviors? Eating meat is not only cultural acceptable, but also a hallmark of masculinity, socio-economic status and balanced diets. But, do animals have rights? Animal testing plays a vital role in drug discovery, health treatments, and products safety. So, is there such a thing as speciesism? Some of the factors to consider are food availability, religious practices, and historical context to name a few. For example, (1) identifying the biological (appetite, taste, emotions, illness), economic (income, cost, education), physical (cooking time and facilities), social (traditions, media, moral concerns) factors affecting food choices; (2) investigating the impact of ethical and religious related food labels (like “non-GMO”, “cruelty free”, “free-range”, “not tested on animals”, “kosher”, and “halal”) on consumer perspectives; and (3) recognizing the connection between food ideology and eating habits. Who’s to blame for climate change? The solution to this complex problem requires a critical analysis of climate science, environmental laws and regulations; and public opinion. Is animal farming a significant source of greenhouse gases emission? Vegans claim to be the solution to the global warming problem. Is this claim valid or an exaggeration? To answer this question, it’s important to study the connection between sustainable food sources and live-stock production; including the consideration of electricity, land-use and transportation as contributors to the total greenhouse emission.