[{"id":8241,"date":"2024-10-01T19:52:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T23:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/?p=8241"},"modified":"2025-08-27T08:13:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T12:13:45","slug":"designing-assessments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/2024\/10\/01\/designing-assessments\/","title":{"rendered":"Designing Assignments"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h1><strong>Designing Meaningful Assessments\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>last edit 2024\/1\/10<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Assessment, or measuring and monitoring learning, is a fundamental aspect of the learning process and can serve many beneficial functions for instructors and students. This resource outlines why instructors should assess, types of assessments, considerations for equitable and inclusive assessment, and authentic assessment ideas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why assess? \u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Assessments provide feedback on the learning process. Assessments assist instructors in tracking student progress towards course learning outcomes and help students recognize and measure their own progress in achieving those outcomes. Assessments are a tool to be used both to measure student achievement of learning (summative assessments), as well as monitor and guide the learning process (formative assessments). Assessments can even enhance the learning process! Research has shown (Greving &amp; Richter, 2018) that students learn more effectively when they are regularly quizzed or tested on the concepts and skills they are learning or when they engage in repeated practice paired with feedback. This is the Testing Effect, a phenomenon that underscores the importance of assessments.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Types of Assessments\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Formative:<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Assessments that measure learning as it happens. These tend to be low-stakes (e.g., ungraded or low points), frequent, and provide essential feedback to both students and instructors on how learning is progressing in the course.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Examples of Formative Assessments<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One-minute papers<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Exit tickets (i.e., short activities or prompts that students answer at the end of class)<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Quizzes<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/active-learning\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Active learning<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> techniques\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Summative:<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Assessments that measure learning after it occurs. These tend to be higher-stakes (e.g., final assessments), overarching, and evaluate how well learning occurred, particularly at the end of a module, segment, or overall course.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Examples of Summative Assessments<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Portfolios<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Final exams<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Term papers<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Authentic Assessments<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr hr-default '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Effective Assessment Principles<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Align assessments with learning outcomes<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Assessments are most effective when they directly measure the learning outcomes that have been developed for your course. Each assessment should align with and assess one or more learning outcomes. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/backward-course-design\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Read more about alignment and assessment here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Scaffold assessments<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scaffolding assessments is the process by which assessments build upon one another to gradually develop students\u2019 skills. They should increase in complexity and challenge for students over time, and perhaps build up to a summative assessment that incorporates all components that were scaffolded. Scaffolding can also include incorporating drafts and feedback opportunities (peer or instructor feedback), so students receive support and guidance on how they are progressing through the course. Finally, instructors who scaffold should gradually remove support over time, providing significant guidance and support as students are developing their skills and reducing it over time as students become more proficient.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Incorporate Universal Design for Learning principles<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Create assessments that allow students to demonstrate their learning in various ways and engage with course content in a way that is meaningful to them. For example, students could be allowed to choose the topic of an assessment or the format of an assessment. For more information about how to incorporate Universal Design for Learning principles in your assessment, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/udl\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">review our Accessible Course Design: Universal Design for Learning resource<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Utilize transparent assignment design<\/h3>\n<p>Transparent assignment design helps clarify expectations and ensures students understand how and why they are learning course content in particular ways.\u202fWe suggest utilizing the research-backed Transparency in Learning &amp; Teaching (TILT) framework, which has been shown to increase achievement, particularly for minoritized students (Winkelmes et al., 2016). The TILT framework includes sharing with students three main components about an assignment: purpose, task, and criteria. Review more details about these principles by clicking the accordion below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class=\"togglecontainer toggle_close_all \">\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" >    <div class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \" >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\" >Purpose<span class=\"toggle_icon\">        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-1-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \" >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Clearly articulate the learning outcomes, relevance of the assignment to students, and benefits to students from completing the assignment. Consider including the learning outcomes the assessment addresses as a part of the assignment sheet.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answers the question: How does this assignment support student learning and how is it connected to the learning outcomes?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" >    <div class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \" >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\" >Task<span class=\"toggle_icon\">        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-2-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \" >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Provide clear instructions on what students are supposed to do for the assignment, including steps to take and due dates.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answers the question: What do students need to do for this assignment, and by when?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" >    <div class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \" >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-3\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\" >Criteria <span class=\"toggle_icon\">        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-3-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \" >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Share criteria for success or evaluation with students, such as through rubrics or checklists (link rubrics resource)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answers the question: How will you and students know whether they have been successful with this assignment?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='hr hr-default '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Authentic Assessments<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Authentic Assessments, also known as alternative or relevant assessments, provide students with the opportunity to apply their newly acquired knowledge to \u201creal-world\u201d situations and the development of professional skills. These assessments measure achievement of student learning outcomes by using tasks or situations that students might encounter in their professional careers. They typically emphasize feedback and iteration and will help improve students&#8217; future performance.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The following section categorizes various authentic assessments based on how long the assessment may take, from one-off assessments to those than span the entire semester. However, many of these assessments may be adapted to be shorter or longer based on your course learning outcomes and goals.\u00a0 <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Short Term (single class session)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Case Study Analysis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students analyze a case study related to the course material, identifying key elements, and explaining how theoretical concepts apply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Classroom Teaching Session<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students prepare and teach a short lesson to their peers, requiring a deep understanding of the material and the ability to convey it effectively.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Concept\/Mind Map<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students create a concept map to visually organize information, showing relationships between concepts and ideas within a topic.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Debate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students participate in a structured debate on a course-related topic, requiring them to understand and articulate different viewpoints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Interactive Timeline:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Students create a timeline of significant events related to the course content, providing detailed descriptions and the significance of each event.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reflective Journal<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students keep a journal where they reflect on what they\u2019ve learned, how it connects to prior knowledge, and its real-world applications.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Medium Term (multiple class sessions or asynchronous)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Community Interviews<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students interview community members or experts in the field and relate the findings to the course material.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Digital Storytelling<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students create a digital story (using video, audio, or multimedia) that explains a key concept or tells the history of a significant development in the field.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Field Observation Report<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students conduct observations in a relevant setting (e.g., museum, laboratory, business) and write a report connecting their observations to course content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Models<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students design and build physical models representing course concepts, such as architectural structures, scientific models, or historical artifacts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Podcast Episode<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students produce a podcast episode where they discuss key topics, interview experts, or explain concepts in their own words.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Policy Memo\/Brief: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Students create a memo that synthesizes information, analyzes it, and proposes actionable recommendations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Long Term (several weeks to a full semester or asynchronous)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Case Study Development<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students write their own case study based on course content, including analysis and proposed solutions to the problems presented.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Community-Based Research Project<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students conduct research in partnership with community organizations, producing reports and presentations that address local issues.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Consulting Report<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students act as consultants to a hypothetical client, providing a detailed report that applies course concepts to address the client\u2019s needs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Data Analysis Project<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students work with a dataset to analyze and interpret the data, applying statistical or qualitative methods learned in the course and discussing their findings in relation to course theories.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Design a Research Study<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students design a research study, including formulating a research question, developing a methodology, and outlining potential analyses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Policy Analysis Paper<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students analyze a policy relevant to the course content, evaluating its effectiveness and suggesting improvements based on theoretical frameworks.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prototype Development<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students design and create a prototype of a product, service, or solution to a problem discussed in the course.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Write a Grant Proposal<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Students create a grant proposal for funding a project related to the course, including objectives, methods, and expected outcomes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Angelo, T. A., &amp; Zakrajsek, T. (2024). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Classroom assessment techniques: Formative feedback tools for college and University Teachers<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Jossey-Bass.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Greving, S., &amp; Richter, T. (2018). Examining the testing effect in university teaching: Retrievability and question format matter. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Frontiers in Psychology, 9<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 2412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02412<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Winkelmes, M.A., Bernacki, M., Butler, J., Zochowski, M., Golanics, J., &amp; Weavil, K. H. (2016). A teaching intervention that increases underserved college students\u2019 success. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peer Review, 18<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(1\/2), 31\u201336.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/teaching.tools\/activities\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">External Tool: Active Learning Library<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/accessibilityguide\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">CTRL Resource: Accessibility Guide<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/active-learning\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">CTRL Resource: Active Learning<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/backward-course-design\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">CTRL Resource: Backward Course Design<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/learning-outcomes\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">CTRL Resource: Developing Learning Outcomes using Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/udl\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">CTRL Resource: Universal Design for Learning<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4261,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[1540,4921,286,1753,4916],"class_list":["post-8241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4261"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8241\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8241"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=8241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":5319,"date":"2021-08-05T08:27:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-05T08:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/?p=5319"},"modified":"2021-08-05T08:28:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T08:28:05","slug":"ctrl-staff","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/2021\/08\/05\/ctrl-staff\/","title":{"rendered":"CTRL STAFF"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3692,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-5319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3692"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/ctrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=5319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]