[{"id":419,"date":"2022-04-27T13:26:54","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T13:26:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=419"},"modified":"2022-04-29T07:25:43","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T07:25:43","slug":"sous-chef-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/sous-chef-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Sous Chef Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider1 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-604 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/a-community-of-cooks\/' data-rel='slide-1' class='slide-image' title=''><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-1030x687.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/cooking\/\" rel=\"tag\">Cooking<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/a-community-of-cooks\/' title='A Community of Cooks'>A Community of Cooks<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >I belong to a community of cooks. When I close my eyes, I am instantly transported to a familiar world of spice, language, and most prominently: food.\u00a0\r\n\r\nBeginning in my junior year, nearly every hour that I wasn\u2019t in high school I spent\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/a-community-of-cooks\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-01T07:20:39+00:00\" >March 1, 2022<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/QYGFLYFDLFDRRDVWFDWTOIDG7Q.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >1600<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >2400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-01T07:20:39+00:00\" >2022-03-01 07:20:39<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 07:24:37<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>A Community of Cooks<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider2 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-594 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/15\/forged-in-fire-struggling-in-the-kitchen\/' data-rel='slide-2' class='slide-image' title=''><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-1000x1030.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-1000x1030.png 1000w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-768x791.png 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-1492x1536.png 1492w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-1457x1500.png 1457w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-685x705.png 685w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF-450x463.png 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF.png 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/cooking\/\" rel=\"tag\">Cooking<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/15\/forged-in-fire-struggling-in-the-kitchen\/' title='Forged In Fire: Overcoming Obstacles in the Kitchen'>Forged In Fire: Overcoming Obstacles in the Kitchen<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >It is a unique feeling to watch a plate carried out of your kitchen with an order you are certain is incorrect. As the realization hits, you frantically tear after the waiter, hoping to catch him in time. In those few instances he slips through,\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/15\/forged-in-fire-struggling-in-the-kitchen\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-02-15T06:52:47+00:00\" >February 15, 2022<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/CHEEEEF.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >2048<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1989<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-02-15T06:52:47+00:00\" >2022-02-15 06:52:47<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 07:15:36<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Forged In Fire: Overcoming Obstacles in the Kitchen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-419","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/419\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":280,"date":"2022-04-27T13:26:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T13:26:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=280"},"modified":"2022-04-29T17:47:54","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T17:47:54","slug":"sightseeing-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/sightseeing-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Sightseeing Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider3 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-656 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2020\/04\/29\/the-sights-ive-seen-haikus\/' data-rel='slide-3' class='slide-image' title=''><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-1030x387.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-1030x387.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-1536x577.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-2048x769.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-1500x563.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-705x265.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333-450x169.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/poetry\/\" rel=\"tag\">Poetry<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2020\/04\/29\/the-sights-ive-seen-haikus\/' title='The Sights I&#039;ve Seen: Haikus'>The Sights I've Seen: Haikus<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >screams in school hallways\r\nsummer trigonometry\r\naccept the challenge\r\n&nbsp;\r\nmidnight poker games\r\ncreative mathematics\r\nthink outside the box\r\n&nbsp;\r\nthe morning Minecraft.\r\nafter slumber, all is still\r\nserenity now\r\n&nbsp;\r\ndark and stormy\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2020\/04\/29\/the-sights-ive-seen-haikus\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2020-04-29T17:40:24+00:00\" >April 29, 2020<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/77029c33972538.56bee312e2e40-scaled-e1651254277333.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >947<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >2521<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2020-04-29T17:40:24+00:00\" >2020-04-29 17:40:24<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 17:46:09<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The Sights I've Seen: Haikus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div id='av-masonry-1' class='av-masonry noHover av-flex-size av-1px-gap av-hover-overlay-active av-masonry-col-flexible av-caption-always av-caption-style- av-masonry-gallery  '  ><div class='av-masonry-container isotope av-js-disabled ' ><div class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item av-masonry-item-no-image '><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_5875-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-647' data-av-masonry-item='647' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-647 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"slightly homeless\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_5875-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_5875-529x705.jpg\" title=\"slightly homeless\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6327-1030x773.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-648' data-av-masonry-item='648' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-648 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"view\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6327-705x529.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6327-705x529.jpg\" title=\"view from the home\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6812-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-649' data-av-masonry-item='649' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-649 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"porto\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6812-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6812-529x705.jpg\" title=\"porto\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6729-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-650' data-av-masonry-item='650' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-650 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"sean\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6729-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6729-529x705.jpg\" title=\"sean\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6555-1030x773.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-651' data-av-masonry-item='651' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-651 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"harry potter buildings\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6555-705x529.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6555-705x529.jpg\" title=\"harry potter buildings\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6865-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-652' data-av-masonry-item='652' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-652 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"apple cone\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6865-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6865-529x705.jpg\" title=\"apple cone\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6871-1030x773.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-653' data-av-masonry-item='653' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-653 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"sunset\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6871-705x529.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6871-705x529.jpg\" title=\"sunset\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6889-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-654' data-av-masonry-item='654' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-654 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"festival\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6889-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6889-529x705.jpg\" title=\"festival\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6968-773x1030.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-655' data-av-masonry-item='655' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-655 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"feast\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6968-529x705.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6968-529x705.jpg\" title=\"feast\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/SPEK4223-1-1030x773.jpg\" id='av-masonry-1-item-645' data-av-masonry-item='645' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-645 attachment type-attachment status-inherit hentry  av-masonry-item-with-image' title=\"robert\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/SPEK4223-1-705x529.jpg);\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/SPEK4223-1-705x529.jpg\" title=\"robert\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-280","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/280\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":416,"date":"2022-04-27T13:25:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T13:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=416"},"modified":"2022-04-29T15:49:00","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T15:49:00","slug":"storytelling-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/storytelling-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Storytelling Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider4 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-616 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/the-new-colonists\/' data-rel='slide-4' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219.png 1000w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219-705x396.png 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219-450x253.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/sci-fi\/\" rel=\"tag\">Sci-Fi<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/the-new-colonists\/' title='The New Colonists'>The New Colonists<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >The New Colonists\r\nMarch 23. 2030.\r\n\r\nAs I blew out the candles during my final birthday on earth, I silently wished that it wasn\u2019t true. We had heard my number on the vintage television, nearly a month ago. On the first day of the third wave\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/01\/the-new-colonists\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-01T15:21:40+00:00\" >March 1, 2022<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/e723ffbdec6904d46c86b67a59c30219.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >562<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1000<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-01T15:21:40+00:00\" >2022-03-01 15:21:40<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 15:42:18<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The New Colonists<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-416","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/416\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":414,"date":"2022-04-27T13:22:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T13:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=414"},"modified":"2022-04-29T03:24:05","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T03:24:05","slug":"self-reflective-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/self-reflective-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Self-Reflective Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider5 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-246 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  av_one_third first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/06\/uncanny-valley-of-voice-the-importance-of-time-and-planning-in-producing-authentic-writing\/' data-rel='slide-5' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Uncanny-Valley-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Uncanny-Valley-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Uncanny-Valley-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/06\/uncanny-valley-of-voice-the-importance-of-time-and-planning-in-producing-authentic-writing\/' title='The Uncanny Valley of Voice: Preparing Authenticity'>The Uncanny Valley of Voice: Preparing Authenticity<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Uncanny-Valley.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >980<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >980<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-01-22T04:52:11+00:00\" >2022-04-06 03:59:55<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 03:14:26<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The Uncanny Valley of Voice: Preparing Authenticity<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-197 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-2 slide-parity-even  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/29\/poetry-vs-prose-and-my-relationship-with-the-haiku\/' data-rel='slide-5' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/poem-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/poem-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/poem-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/29\/poetry-vs-prose-and-my-relationship-with-the-haiku\/' title='Poetry vs. Prose and my Relationship with the Haiku'>Poetry vs. Prose and my Relationship with the Haiku<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/poem.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >1802<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1800<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-01-22T04:52:11+00:00\" >2022-01-29 01:12:24<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:59:10<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Poetry vs. Prose and my Relationship with the Haiku<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-195 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-3 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/22\/my-relationship-between-writing-memory-and-sentiment\/' data-rel='slide-5' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/ynews_274889383-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/22\/my-relationship-between-writing-memory-and-sentiment\/' title='My Relationship Between Writing, Memory, and Sentiment'>My Relationship Between Writing, Memory, and Sentiment<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/ynews_274889383.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >594<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1022<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-01-22T04:52:11+00:00\" >2022-01-22 04:52:11<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-28 21:33:10<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>My Relationship Between Writing, Memory, and Sentiment<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider6 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-191 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  av_one_third first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/14\/the-balance-between-the-personal-and-professional\/' data-rel='slide-6' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Memory_2880x1405-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Memory_2880x1405-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Memory_2880x1405-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/14\/the-balance-between-the-personal-and-professional\/' title='The Evolution of my Writing and the Importance of Context'>The Evolution of my Writing and the Importance of Context<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Memory_2880x1405-scaled.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >1249<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >2560<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-11-28T02:49:19+00:00\" >2022-01-14 23:45:44<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:50:11<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The Evolution of my Writing and the Importance of Context<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-506 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-2 slide-parity-even  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/10\/what-makes-good-english\/' data-rel='slide-6' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Their-Eyes-Were-Watching-God-design-by-Richie-Pope-1288x726-1-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Their-Eyes-Were-Watching-God-design-by-Richie-Pope-1288x726-1-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Their-Eyes-Were-Watching-God-design-by-Richie-Pope-1288x726-1-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/10\/what-makes-good-english\/' title='What Makes Good English?'>What Makes Good English?<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/01\/Their-Eyes-Were-Watching-God-design-by-Richie-Pope-1288x726-1.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >726<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1288<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-11-28T02:49:19+00:00\" >2022-01-10 21:58:11<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 03:13:14<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>What Makes Good English?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-536 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-3 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/11\/28\/writing-as-a-conversation-learning-to-respond\/' data-rel='slide-6' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Conversation-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-writing\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Writing<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/11\/28\/writing-as-a-conversation-learning-to-respond\/' title='Writing as a Conversation: Learning to Respond'>Writing as a Conversation: Learning to Respond<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Conversation.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >666<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1000<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-11-28T02:49:19+00:00\" >2021-11-28 02:49:19<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 02:55:43<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Writing as a Conversation: Learning to Respond<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider7 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-200 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  av_one_third first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/18\/viking-funeral\/' data-rel='slide-7' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Viking_Funeral-495x353.gif\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Viking_Funeral-495x353.gif 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Viking_Funeral-260x185.gif 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-identity\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Identity<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/18\/viking-funeral\/' title='I Want a Viking Funeral'>I Want a Viking Funeral<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Viking_Funeral.gif<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >353<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >500<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2020-04-29T02:13:30+00:00\" >2022-02-18 21:07:40<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:35:17<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>I Want a Viking Funeral<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-665 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-2 slide-parity-even  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/10\/a-glimpse-in-the-mirror\/' data-rel='slide-7' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/illustration-art-gabriella-barouch-5-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-identity\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Identity<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/01\/10\/a-glimpse-in-the-mirror\/' title='A Glimpse in the Mirror'>A Glimpse in the Mirror<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/illustration-art-gabriella-barouch-5.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >665<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >750<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2020-04-29T02:13:30+00:00\" >2022-01-10 18:12:29<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 18:14:06<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>A Glimpse in the Mirror<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-521 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-3 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2020\/04\/29\/wearing-my-name-into-battle\/' data-rel='slide-7' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/cavalry-battle-free-vector-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/cavalry-battle-free-vector-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/cavalry-battle-free-vector-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/reflection-on-identity\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reflection on Identity<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2020\/04\/29\/wearing-my-name-into-battle\/' title='Wearing My Name Into Battle'>Wearing My Name Into Battle<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2020\/04\/cavalry-battle-free-vector.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >980<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2020-04-29T02:13:30+00:00\" >2020-04-29 02:13:30<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:54:10<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Wearing My Name Into Battle<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":538,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-414","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/414\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":388,"date":"2022-04-26T19:49:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T19:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=388"},"modified":"2022-04-29T18:00:29","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T18:00:29","slug":"about-me","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/about-me\/","title":{"rendered":"About Me"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div style='padding-bottom:10px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  blockquote modern-quote '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >ABOUT ME<\/h1><div class ='av-subheading av-subheading_below ' style='font-size:15px;'><p>An introduction to my &#8220;Seven Somers&#8221; portfolio.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#adadad\">H<\/span>ello, My Name is Eero. This is my website entitled Seven Somers. I wanted to create this portfolio to explore the way that our writing voice changes depending on the context that we write from.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_7150-1471x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG_7150'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6817-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG_6817'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#e07b7b\">I<\/span>constructed my porfolio with the express purpose to share as many pieces of my writing as possible. I had grown tired of my overuse of &#8220;academic voice&#8221;, so when given the chance, I was excited to intersperse creative writing, poetry, and commentary into my portfolio.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#16bcb1\">T<\/span>his portfolio was born from my belief that I was no longer portraying my authentic voice when I wrote. I was leaving aspects of myself out of my writing, parodying other authors who had much more control over their voices.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG-6184-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG-6184'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr hr-default '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG-4675-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG-4675'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#5a55ba\">M<\/span>y struggles finding a voice when I wrote became particularly apparent to me about halfway through the semester. I had constructed the first draft for a scholarship application that was &#8220;too creative&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='hr hr-default '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#c587c6\">I<\/span> relented and eventually made my writing more standardized to the personal statements that admissions were looking for. But I couldn&#8217;t help feeling like I compromised my creative integrity with the change.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6828-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG_6828'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_8059-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG_8059'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#549956\">M<\/span>y portfolio &#8220;The Seven Somers&#8221; is divided into eight parts. The seven different contexts that I&#8217;ve written from and an about me section. The seven parts are: Studious Somers, Self-Reflective Somers, Social Justice Somers, Storytelling Somers, Sightseeing Somers, Sous-Chef Somers, and Swashbuckling Somers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#eded80\">I<\/span> began with my academic voice (studious somers) because that was the voice that had defined me throughout college. However, through the portfolio, I began to transition towards the self-reflective and poetic. This self-reflection is visible in Self-Reflective Somers, Storytelling Somers, Sightseeing Somers, and Sous-Chef Somers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/SPEK4223-1-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='robert'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-   avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/IMG_6854-1-1500x630.jpg' alt='' title='IMG_6854'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"av_dropcap2 \" style=\"background-color:#960028\">T<\/span>his structure was a specific attempt to share every aspect of my writing with the audience. If each individual piece of writing reveals a singular trait or piece of identity, then providing your entire work in various contexts and sections might reveal the author&#8217;s entire identity. My central question was: &#8220;How can what I write feel truly mine?&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='hr hr-default '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='avia-gallery avia-gallery-1 avia_lazyload avia_animate_when_visible '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='avia-gallery-thumb'> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/unnamed.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/unnamed-495x400.jpg' class='first_thumb lightbox ' data-onclick='1' title='Studious'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Studious' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/unnamed-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='unnamed' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/ehamlet.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/ehamlet-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='2' title='Self-Reflective'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Self-Reflective' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/ehamlet-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='ehamlet' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/evote.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/evote-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='3' title='Social Justice'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Social Justice' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/evote-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='evote' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/estory.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/estory-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='4' title='Storytelling'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Storytelling' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/estory-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='estory' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/etravl.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/etravl-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='5' title='Sightseeing'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Sightseeing' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/etravl-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='etravl' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/echef.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/echef-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='6' title='Sous-Chef'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Sous-Chef' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/echef-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='echef' alt='' \/><\/a> <a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/epirate.jpg' data-rel='gallery-1' data-prev-img='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/epirate-495x400.jpg' class='lightbox ' data-onclick='7' title='Swashbuckling'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img data-avia-tooltip='Swashbuckling' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/epirate-495x400.jpg' width='495' height='400'  title='epirate' alt='' \/><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='template-blog  av-blog-meta-tag-disabled'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><article class='post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-614 post-loop-1 post-parity-odd post-entry-last single-big  post-614 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-portfolio-reflection'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class='blog-meta'><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/portfolio-reflection\/\" rel=\"tag\">Portfolio Reflection<\/a> <\/span><h2 class='post-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" >\t<a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/25\/lies-of-omission-coming-to-terms-with-my-voice-through-the-conceptual-creation-of-the-seven-somers\/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: Lies of Omission: Coming to Terms With My Voice Through the Conceptual Creation of  \u201cThe Seven Somers\u201d'>Lies of Omission: Coming to Terms With My Voice Through the Conceptual Creation of  \u201cThe Seven Somers\u201d\t\t\t<span class='post-format-icon minor-meta'><\/span>\t<\/a><\/h2><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly every piece of writing occupies both the authentic and the inauthentic space. On one hand, authors\u2014whether purposefully or subconsciously\u2014embed pieces of their own identity into their writing. Their characters, opinions, word choice, and even settings are fabricated from the experiences of the writer who lies behind the 12pt font. On the other hand, these pieces of self are often only small glimpses into the mind of this author; each slab of writing is like a door that is halfway open, displaying a tidy and partially obscured room to everyone who takes a peek. Well, at least that\u2019s how I see it; a duality between authentic presentation and artificial creation. Authors sharing facets of their identity in controlled and highly edited bursts. This was a balance that I found difficult to explore in my own writing, but it is only through my struggles and eventual understanding that the conceptual underpinnings of my portfolio entitled \u201cThe Seven Somers\u201d were born. But hang tight, as I describe my struggle and eventual solution to balancing authenticity in my voice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My struggles with authentically portraying my voice began long before college; for a majority of my schooling, I was taught that writing&#8217;s singular purpose is that of a persuasive tool.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0In fact, if I had to describe it, my early literacy education closely echoes the words of author Stephen Willhoit, who states that \u201cat the heart of every assignment is the rhetorical situation\u2014someone writing to someone about something for some purpose\u201d(Wilhoit quoted by Melzer 20). While he is largely correct, my school took this to heart, heavily prioritizing standard rhetorical strategies over uniquity and creativity. Like most kids growing up, I was encouraged to write formulaically. We learned rhetorical tools such as ICE (introduce, cite, and explain) and structural tools such as the five-part essay (introduction, three body paragraphs, and conclusion) all in an effort to hone one particular voice. While this education effectively trained my academically persuasive voice, I found it increasingly difficult to share pieces of myself in my writing; I had sacrificed authenticity for consistency, a concession that benefited my grades, but was deeply harmful to my enjoyment of writing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I had believed that my distrust of my own voice would naturally pass as a transitioned from high school to college, but unfortunately, I found myself relying on the same literary crutches that I had learned years before. Before taking \u201cRepresenting Thought\u201d nearly every piece of my college writing assumed the same tired academic voice.\u00a0 I would use similar words, incorporate meta-commentary the same way, and even slip in the word juxtaposed at every opportunity in an effort to sound \u201cacademic\u201d. This wasn\u2019t to say I was producing bad pieces of work. In fact, most of my writing\u2014not to pat myself on the back too much\u2014was well researched and put forth complex ideas. The issue was that I didn\u2019t feel like I was saying them. I felt like I had done a bunch of research and then robbed someone of their voice, a voice that they were much more comfortable using.\u00a0 As author Anne Lamott puts it, \u201cThe truth of your experience can only come through in your own voice. If it is wrapped in someone else&#8217;s voice we readers will feel suspicious as if you are dressed up in someone else&#8217;s clothes\u201d (Lamott 199). I believe this was the central reason I was particularly self-critical in the development of my writing; there was a disconnect between what I wanted to say and what I put on the page. I wasn\u2019t representing my true style but instead parroting the voices that I had success with previously. While this realization was always at the back of my mind, it wasn\u2019t until nearly halfway through my freshman year that I was pushed to fundamentally reevaluate the way I approached writing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My change in writing can best be described as a frustrated reaction to external influence. In other words, people in my life told me to write things I didn\u2019t enjoy. My fear and anger culminated during what I will call the scholarship season. Among others, I applied for a summer Fullbright program. I was deeply excited, determined to write a personal statement so unique and filled to the brim with my identity that my acceptance would be given at metaphorical gunpoint. Looking back, as a freshman in college who could barely define what an adverb was, I was punching a little out of my weight class. But no matter, I tackled my first draft and created a questionable amalgamation of anecdotes, comedy, work experiences, lessons, family, and travel. I even managed to incorporate a vivid dream sequence into the draft. It was my first stab at the personal statement, not a masterpiece but definitively me. From there I entered the revision process, working with a Fulbright expert to ensure I had the best chance. When I met with the expert, her central criticism shook me to my core. \u201cIt needs to be less creative,\u201d she stated bluntly as her main complaint. I was stunned and honestly a little confused; it sounded like she was actively recommending me to make my writing less interesting and personal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I grappled with her advice for weeks. She obviously had expertise on what makes a good personal statement, but the thought of intentionally sacrificing my writing\u2019s creativity made me want to take a cold shower. Eventually, I caved and decided to rewrite my statement in a more digestible format. While unsurprisingly it produced a piece of writing that was more polished, I had excluded several important facets of my identity that I wanted to share. Upon reexamination, it felt like these idiosyncrasies that were present in my first draft were essential to understanding who I am. Without them, my writing was no more than lies of omission.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This betrayal of both voice and identity was at the crux of my portfolio\u2019s structure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In rejection of the compromises that I made during the scholarship process,\u00a0 I wanted to showcase almost every different voice and context of my writing that I had produced in the last year. My betrayal of voice was deeply connected to my initial misunderstanding of the delicate balance between authenticity and performance. It is my hope that the division of my writing into categories will allow the readers to easily understand both the purpose of my pieces and the contexts in which they exist. While displaying the many contexts and environments in which my voice changes was most definitely an interesting trip for the reader, it also served the purpose of making me more confident in my writing as a whole. By presenting my work as a combination of academia, creative writing, poetry, and even photography, I feel far less defined by any singular piece of writing that I\u2019ve constructed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After completing my personal statement, I felt like I seriously neglected the role of identity in both my writing and my voice. I made the very deliberate choice to include as many personal and self-reflective pieces as possible. I made a category called self-reflection in an effort to share more aspects of myself directly through my writing and tip my balance back towards authenticity. Some of my categories are academic, some are creative, and some are autobiographical. It is my hope that each additional piece in my portfolio will crack the door a little wider for the reader, revealing maybe not the most perfect pieces of writing, but pieces that are unapologetically me. For example, I have a love of sci-fi, but I always found it difficult to incorporate into an academic setting. The open nature of our portfolio allowed me to introduce this writing while remaining thematically consistent with the way our voice changes. Readers can view the changes in my writing depending on formality, I strike drastically different tones depending on if I\u2019m constructing a research paper, or making a blog about pirates. I also designed my website to be as cartoonish and playful as possible in a further rejection of having a singular academic voice. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it&#8217;s all said and done, my conceptual design of the Seven Somers represents the realization that I should have published my original personal statement. Through this process, I realized that the most interesting authors are not afraid to take risks. As George Orwell concludes in his excerpt entitled \u201cwhy I write\u201d, \u201cone can write nothing readable unless one constantly struggles to efface one\u2019s own personality\u201d(Orwell 8). Your writing doesn\u2019t always have to be polished, nor does it need to illustrate what a perfect person you are, but it does need to be unapologetically you.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><span class='post-meta-infos'><time class='date-container minor-meta updated' >April 25, 2022<\/time><span class='text-sep text-sep-date'>\/<\/span><span class='comment-container minor-meta'><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/25\/lies-of-omission-coming-to-terms-with-my-voice-through-the-conceptual-creation-of-the-seven-somers\/#respond\" class=\"comments-link\" >0 Comments<\/a><\/span><span class='text-sep text-sep-comment'>\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">by <span class=\"entry-author-link\" ><span class=\"vcard author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/author\/es4210a\/\" title=\"Posts by es4210a\" rel=\"author\">es4210a<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/header><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class='post_author_timeline'><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-04-25T15:13:36+00:00\" >2022-04-25 15:13:36<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 16:05:34<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Lies of Omission: Coming to Terms With My Voice Through the Conceptual Creation of  \u201cThe Seven Somers\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><div class='single-big'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":360,"date":"2022-04-24T22:10:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T22:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=360"},"modified":"2022-04-29T05:09:49","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T05:09:49","slug":"social-justice-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/social-justice-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Social Justice Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider8 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-572 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/29\/572\/' data-rel='slide-8' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-1030x386.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-1030x386.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-1500x563.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-705x264.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660-450x169.jpg 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/environment\/\" rel=\"tag\">Environment<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/29\/572\/' title='Climate Change and a Call to Action: Personal Statement'>Climate Change and a Call to Action: Personal Statement<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >One of my biggest challenges growing up was attempting to define myself outside of my proximity to others. Growing up, this was a difficult task, particularly in my academic life. I was fortunate enough to receive a scholarship to attend a highly\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/29\/572\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-04-29T05:02:01+00:00\" >April 29, 2022<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Klimaforandring-2_1600_c-e1651209298660.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >600<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1600<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-04-29T05:02:01+00:00\" >2022-04-29 05:02:01<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:15:14<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Climate Change and a Call to Action: Personal Statement<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider9 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-548 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/10\/the-lies-they-sell-an-exploration-of-exploitation-in-fast-fashion\/' data-rel='slide-9' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-1030x332.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-1030x332.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-768x248.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-705x227.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230-450x145.jpg 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/environment\/\" rel=\"tag\">Environment<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/10\/the-lies-they-sell-an-exploration-of-exploitation-in-fast-fashion\/' title='The Lies They Sell: An Exploration of Exploitation in Fast Fashion'>The Lies They Sell: An Exploration of Exploitation in Fast Fashion<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >For so long in my life, I was a king in a phony castle. I stared at a twenty-dollar bill in my hand with no real understanding of what it meant. To my adolescent self, it meant toys, candy, and most importantly for myself growing up: clothes.\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/02\/10\/the-lies-they-sell-an-exploration-of-exploitation-in-fast-fashion\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-02-10T03:33:34+00:00\" >February 10, 2022<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/02\/Hand-e1651204841230.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >403<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1250<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-02-10T03:33:34+00:00\" >2022-02-10 03:33:34<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 03:59:43<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The Lies They Sell: An Exploration of Exploitation in Fast Fashion<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider10 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-562 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/12\/17\/562\/' data-rel='slide-10' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-1030x333.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-1030x333.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-768x249.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-705x228.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536-450x146.jpg 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/historical-context\/\" rel=\"tag\">Historical Context<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/12\/17\/562\/' title='The Redefinition of Presidential Power in Post 9\/11 America and Its Consequences'>The Redefinition of Presidential Power in Post 9\/11 America and Its Consequences<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >The long history of the United States of America can essentially be boiled down to one question: how powerful should the central government of our democracy be? The continuous grapple between power and limits is at the heart of the founding\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/12\/17\/562\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-12-17T04:26:15+00:00\" >December 17, 2021<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/12\/911-changed-america-chasm-alex-nabaum-illustration-e1651207785536.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >404<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1248<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-12-17T04:26:15+00:00\" >2021-12-17 04:26:15<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 04:53:10<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>The Redefinition of Presidential Power in Post 9\/11 America and Its Consequences<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-360","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=360"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/360\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":358,"date":"2022-04-24T22:10:16","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T22:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=358"},"modified":"2022-04-29T06:43:11","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T06:43:11","slug":"studious-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/studious-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Studious Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider11 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-270 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  av_one_third first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/13\/how-to-make-an-outsider-cry-empathy-and-reality-in-wildwood\/' data-rel='slide-11' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/LOLA-New-Yorker-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/rhetorical-analysis\/\" rel=\"tag\">Rhetorical Analysis<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/13\/how-to-make-an-outsider-cry-empathy-and-reality-in-wildwood\/' title='How to Make an Outsider Cry: Empathy and Reality in &quot;Wildwood&quot;'>How to Make an Outsider Cry: Empathy and Reality in \"Wildwood\"<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/LOLA-New-Yorker.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >648<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >646<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-04T18:50:37+00:00\" >2022-04-13 03:57:05<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-28 19:32:14<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>How to Make an Outsider Cry: Empathy and Reality in \"Wildwood\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-244 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-2 slide-parity-even  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/05\/no-name-woman-and-the-role-of-storytelling-in-the-kingstons-creation-of-self\/' data-rel='slide-11' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Maxine-Hong-Kingston-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Maxine-Hong-Kingston-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Maxine-Hong-Kingston-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/rhetorical-analysis\/\" rel=\"tag\">Rhetorical Analysis<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/04\/05\/no-name-woman-and-the-role-of-storytelling-in-the-kingstons-creation-of-self\/' title='No Name Woman and the Role of Storytelling in the Kingston&#039;s Creation of Self'>No Name Woman and the Role of Storytelling in the Kingston's Creation of Self<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/Maxine-Hong-Kingston.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >1757<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1500<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-04T18:50:37+00:00\" >2022-04-05 19:41:24<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:36:34<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>No Name Woman and the Role of Storytelling in the Kingston's Creation of Self<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-205 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-3 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_one_third  real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/04\/a-letter-to-his-sons-how-ta-nehisi-coates-speaks-to-everyone\/' data-rel='slide-11' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/03\/Letter-to-his-son-495x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/03\/Letter-to-his-son-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/03\/Letter-to-his-son-845x684.jpg 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/rhetorical-analysis\/\" rel=\"tag\">Rhetorical Analysis<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2022\/03\/04\/a-letter-to-his-sons-how-ta-nehisi-coates-speaks-to-everyone\/' title='A Letter to His Sons - How Ta-Nehisi Coates Speaks to Everyone'>A Letter to His Sons - How Ta-Nehisi Coates Speaks to Everyone<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/03\/Letter-to-his-son.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >842<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1180<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2022-03-04T18:50:37+00:00\" >2022-03-04 18:50:37<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-28 19:40:51<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>A Letter to His Sons - How Ta-Nehisi Coates Speaks to Everyone<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider12 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-509 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/09\/28\/509\/' data-rel='slide-12' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-1030x515.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-1030x515.png 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-705x353.png 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp-450x225.png 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/essays\/\" rel=\"tag\">Essays<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/09\/28\/509\/' title='Comedy as a Coping Mechanism: Brittney Cooper&#039;s Eloquent Rage'>Comedy as a Coping Mechanism: Brittney Cooper's Eloquent Rage<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >If you offered me a million dollars to direct a \u201chow it's made\u201d episode where I explained the science behind creating jokes, I would thank you for your money and then flee the country. Here is a more likely scenario for most of you: imagine\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/09\/28\/509\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-09-28T22:11:28+00:00\" >September 28, 2021<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/1200x600wp.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >600<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1200<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-09-28T22:11:28+00:00\" >2021-09-28 22:11:28<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-28 22:12:22<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Comedy as a Coping Mechanism: Brittney Cooper's Eloquent Rage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  data-autoplay=''  data-interval='5'  data-animation='fade'  data-show_slide_delay='90'  class='avia-content-slider avia-content-slider-active avia-content-slider13 avia-content-slider-odd '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><div class='avia-content-slider-inner'><div class='slide-entry-wrap'><article class='slide-entry flex_column  post-entry post-entry-516 slide-entry-overview slide-loop-1 slide-parity-odd  post-entry-last  av_fullwidth first real-thumbnail'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/11\/20\/prisoners-of-presidential-power-internment-and-its-ramifications\/' data-rel='slide-13' class='slide-image' title=''><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-1030x580.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/a><div class='slide-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/category\/history\/\" rel=\"tag\">History<\/a> <\/span><h3 class='slide-entry-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/11\/20\/prisoners-of-presidential-power-internment-and-its-ramifications\/' title='Prisoners of Presidential Power: Internment and Its Ramifications'>Prisoners of Presidential Power: Internment and Its Ramifications<\/a><\/h3><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><\/header><div class='slide-entry-excerpt entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" >The years leading up to the United States\u2019 involvement in the second world war were marked by paranoia, jingoism, and most prominently Anti-Japanese sentiment. By the turn of the 20th century, that sentiment had materialized into law. 1914\u2026<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><div class='slide-meta'><div class='slide-meta-comments'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/2021\/11\/20\/prisoners-of-presidential-power-internment-and-its-ramifications\/#respond'>0 Comments<\/a><\/div><div class='slide-meta-del'>\/<\/div><time class='slide-meta-time updated'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-11-20T02:01:45+00:00\" >November 20, 2021<\/time><\/div><\/footer><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  itemprop='image'>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url' >https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2021\/11\/internment.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='height' >788<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='width' >1400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t   <span itemprop='url'>http:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/download-2-300x138.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t <\/span>\n\t\t\t  <\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>es4210a<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2021-11-20T02:01:45+00:00\" >2021-11-20 02:01:45<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2022-04-29 05:47:24<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Prisoners of Presidential Power: Internment and Its Ramifications<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-358","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/358\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":211,"date":"2022-03-30T07:55:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T07:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/?page_id=211"},"modified":"2022-04-29T16:15:15","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T16:15:15","slug":"swashbuckling-somers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/swashbuckling-somers\/","title":{"rendered":"Swashbuckling Somers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"211\" class=\"elementor elementor-211\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2628974 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2628974\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-87b9d54\" data-id=\"87b9d54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bc3f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22bc3f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gL7chKdXukk\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cOrganized crime requires the cooperation of lots of criminals working together. So the question is if you don't have a government there to ensure that people behave\u2014people who've committed themselves to theft and violence as a way of living\u2014how are you going to make sure that they don't use theft and violence against each other?\u201d - Quoted from an Interview with Peter T. Leeson, author of \u201cAn-arggh-chy\u201d, The Law and Economics of Pirate Organization. (click to view)<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-332267b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"332267b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-832d6d1\" data-id=\"832d6d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06e5ddd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06e5ddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In other words, how can violent criminal enterprises guarantee the security and accountability of their members without the protection of the law? a potential answer can be found in the structure and success of golden age pirates.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf58329 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf58329\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74b6d87\" data-id=\"74b6d87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7431e01 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7431e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1993454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1993454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What we can learn from the surprising equity and complexity of pirates.<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c3a23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c3a23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a64e29c\" data-id=\"a64e29c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1aa697 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1aa697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tBy Eero Somers\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-303c884 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"303c884\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89fb046\" data-id=\"89fb046\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b07e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b07e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you think of a pirate, what do you imagine? Do you envision a peg-leg, an eyepatch, and a hook? Maybe some crossbones, a flintlock, and a tricorn hat? Certainly, a pirate must have a talking parrot and his trusty rum. Well, despite the myriad of weapons, attire, and iconography that we associate with pirates, most of us are only familiar with a single pirate narrative; that of the sea-loving lunatics who rejected the pleasures of land for an outlaw-esque life of plundering and adventure on the seven seas. While shadows of this pirate character definitely existed\u2014Blackbeard, Calico Jack, and Henry Morgan to name a few\u2014they were certainly the exception to the rule. However, with the prevalence of overexaggerated pirate figures in our media, it is often easy to forget that 17th-century pirates were not swashbuckling caricatures, but instead highly successful organized criminals. In fact, famous pirates from their golden age (1650-1726), remain some of the wealthiest criminals in history. <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/golden-age-of-piracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a> Yet, what is more surprising is how\u2014without the protection of established law and order\u2014these pirates managed to create systems of organization and governance that were centuries ahead of their time.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc60e2e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc60e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33f88e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33f88e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b6b620\" data-id=\"7b6b620\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4792cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4792cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Legal trade on the seven seas: Where pirates were born. <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c712cc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7c712cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d14226\" data-id=\"7d14226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6caf030 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6caf030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/collectionapi.metmuseum.org\/api\/collection\/v1\/iiif\/626142\/1479252\/main-image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Dutch Cargo Ship, 1647, Illustrated by Wenceslaus Hollar.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Dutch Cargo Ship, 1647, Illustrated by Wenceslaus Hollar. Currently at the Metropolitan Museum of Art<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d9d0409 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d9d0409\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-023079d\" data-id=\"023079d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6907997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6907997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to understand the admittedly complex success of pirates, we first need to examine their close counterparts, the sea merchants. Historically, almost all pirates during the golden age labored as merchant seamen, Royal Navy sailors, or privateersmen. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1918775?seq=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a> In the golden age of piracy, merchant ships were almost always purchased by a collection of wealthy landowners, who employed a crew on a fixed salary to transport cargo between merchant trade ports. This legal cargo typically comprised tea, furs, weapons, minerals, and often people. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2591531?seq=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a> Because of their affluence, the merchants who funded these expeditions nearly always remained on land and thus had little control over their vessels once departed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a> Consequently, these wealthy merchants began to worry that without meaningful oversight, their sailors would have no incentive to behave. They feared that this lack of accountability would lead sailors to damage cargo, refuse to clean the ship, embezzle goods, overuse supplies, and even outright steal the ship. To fight this fear, sea merchant vessels were organized hierarchically, appointing captains to maximize profit and prevent sailor misconduct. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sjpe.12014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a> These captains\u2014who were nearly always paid a percentage of the merchant&#8217;s profit rather than a flat wage\u2014ran their ships as an efficient dictatorship. As Leeson puts it, \u201ccentralizing power in a captain\u2019s hands to direct sailors\u2019 tasks, control the distribution of [food] and payment, and discipline and punish crew members allowed merchant ship owners to minimize sailor opportunism\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a> In other words, captains had sole control over every aspect of the merchant ships.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-806320a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"806320a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19eaea\" data-id=\"b19eaea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bf11c1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8bf11c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-134d7fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"134d7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"<span style=\"font-weight: normal\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: normal;text-transform: none\">There is no justice or injustice on board ship, my lad. There are only two things: duty and mutiny\u2014mind that.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: normal;text-transform: none\">All that you are ordered to do is duty. All that you refuse to do is mutiny.<\/span><\/i><\/span>\" <span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: normal;text-transform: none\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">Quoted from Marcus Rediker's <i>Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea<\/i>, Page 211.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 28px;font-weight: normal\"> <\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fdf5ad elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3fdf5ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f83729\" data-id=\"7f83729\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e64575d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e64575d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>No captain! my captain! The prevalence of Captain abuse on merchant vessels.<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6ca80e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6ca80e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6072488\" data-id=\"6072488\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d1cfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d1cfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the introduction of the autocratic captain on merchant ships neutralized the threat of sailor misbehavior, it led to a far larger problem: captain predation.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A powerful captain\u00a0 was deeply beneficial for the merchants, but it proved immensely problematic for the sailors. As Leeson concludes, \u201cthe trouble was that a captain endowed with the authority required to manage his crew on the ship owners\u2019 behalf could also easily turn this authority against his seamen for personal benefit\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a> Sea merchant captain\u2019s served as judges, juries, and executioners, often using their power to settle personal disputes with crewmates. Merchant captain power was so widespread that one sailor warned a rookie, \u201cThere is no justice or injustice on board ship, my lad. There are only two things: duty and mutiny\u2014mind that. All that you are ordered to do is duty. All that you refuse to do is mutiny\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/wrlc-amu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma993352183604102&amp;context=L&amp;vid=01WRLC_AMU:prod&amp;lang=en&amp;search_scope=WRLC_P_AU&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;tab=WRLC_P_AU&amp;query=any,contains,between%20the%20devil%20and%20the%20deep%20blue%20sea%20by%20marcus%20rediker&amp;offset=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In fact, as author Marcus Rediker highlights, from the viewpoint of most pirates, mistreatment from merchant captains was primarily responsible for driving sailors towards piracy. Rediker specifically quotes the pirate John Archer, who cried out minutes before his execution, \u201cI could wish that Masters of Vessels would not use their Men with so much Severity, as many of them do, which exposes us to great Temptations\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/40580\/40580-h\/40580-h.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a> It was evident\u2014even to criminals and pirates who engaged regularly with violence\u2014that a captain should never be given that much power.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc0bf0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc0bf0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thedearsurprise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Flogging3-678x381.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">An Illustration of the British Navy's punishments for Insubordination. The weapon being used is called the Cat o' Nine Tails. It was a weapon that was prominent in both the Royal Navy and on merchant ships. This file comes from Wellcome Images, a website operated by Wellcome Trust, a global charitable foundation based in the United Kingdom.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6a03ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6a03ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b6e1ef\" data-id=\"3b6e1ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ee3506 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0ee3506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a092cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a092cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PIRACY AND THE WORKING CLASS.<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be79d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be79d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ab853b\" data-id=\"6ab853b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e41409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e41409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While captain predation on merchant ships was largely responsible for the increase of piracy in the late 17th century, there were certain economic factors that made piracy a compelling opportunity for the poor. Firstly, the economic barrier of entry was huge for legal cargo transportation. Often, wealthy merchants not only had enough money to buy considerably expensive ships, but they also had port connections and relationships with buyers. This meant that even if the average sailor saved enough money to purchase a ship, they would be far less likely to profit without merchant connections. As a result, participating in legal trade was not an option for the lower or middle class. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20078637?seq=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a> On the other hand, piracy incentivized participation from the lower class because of one important difference: pirates stole the ships that they operated, so no one needed to raise money. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a> Because pirates could acquire vessels for free, they no longer had to contend with unfair merchant practices. This change eliminated the need for merchants entirely, switching ownership from one wealthy person, to every pirate on board.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b62b07c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b62b07c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfc4ecf\" data-id=\"cfc4ecf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-869f61f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"869f61f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-477cf4e\" data-id=\"477cf4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77bbde8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"77bbde8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6006c66 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6006c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87694e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87694e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>A unique Pirate Balancing act: confronting the history of captain abuse<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb4bf68 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cb4bf68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca48b9\" data-id=\"0ca48b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c298d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"37c298d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/The_Capture_of_the_Pirate_Blackbeard_1718_by_Jean_Leon_Gerome_Ferris.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Capture of the Pirate, Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle between Blackbeard the Pirate and Lieutenant Maynard in Ocracoke Bay. Illustrated by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, 1920<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9d7f6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9d7f6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df5d205\" data-id=\"df5d205\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5200bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5200bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still reeling from the abuses of their merchant ship captains, pirates were determined to protect their rights and limit their captain\u2019s power. The difficulty was that much like merchant ships, captains were essential for a functioning pirate ship. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a> Captains needed enough power to respond to emergencies, instruct their crew, and discipline wrongdoers, but not too much power to become abusive. To compromise, pirates created one of the earliest systems of checks and balances. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a> It had two parts. Firstly, crewmates had the democratic right to vote their captain out of office. According to Leeson, \u201cPirate democracy ensured that pirates got precisely the kind of captain they desired. Because pirates could popularly depose any captain who did not suit them and elect another in his place, pirate captains\u2019 ability to prey on crew members was greatly constrained\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a> Secondly, pirates incorporated the role of quartermaster, a position unique to its kind; in times outside of emergencies, the quartermaster had as much power as the captain. In fact, in his book <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A General History of the Pyrates<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, captain Johnson states that <\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe quartermaster\u2019s opinion is like the mufti\u2019s among the Turks. The captain can undertake nothing which the quartermaster does not approve\u2026he speaks for and looks after the interest of the crew\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/40580\/40580-h\/40580-h.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a> This balance of power and limits proved overwhelmingly successful in preventing captain abuse on pirate ships, but it posed yet another question. How can collaboration between pirates be successful without abuse, especially when surrounded by scoundrels and thieves?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9676b48 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9676b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39b89c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39b89c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdc5875\" data-id=\"cdc5875\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80c78f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80c78f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>accountability aboard thy ship<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bbbe754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bbbe754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-649a969\" data-id=\"649a969\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cf5c16 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4cf5c16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbe728d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbe728d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Leeson puts it, \u201c[Pirates] opposed any situation that threatened to jeopardize their ability to cooperate for organized banditry\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a> The less coordinated pirates were, the less they stole, and thus the less money they made. A pirate&#8217;s life was also characterized by uncertainty; he was uncertain if he would have enough food to survive the voyage; uncertain if a mutiny would overthrow his captain; and uncertain if the pirate ship would make enough money to survive. To eliminate the risks of operating in a sea of criminals, there were two primary ways that pirates regulated the behavior of themselves and others.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7b7ecb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7b7ecb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6995d2\" data-id=\"e6995d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c32ff71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c32ff71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PIRATE CONSTITUIONS<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a34525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a34525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pirate Constitutions, also referred to as pirate codes, dictated the rules and regulations aboard the ship. These articles of agreement have been compared to government constitutions, a contract that kept order among the pirates. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43593840?seq=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a> Often times these rules were voted on and ratified by a majority of the crew, then enforced by the captain. This private form of self-governance<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\">\u2014<\/span>typically enforced by violence or lack of payment<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\">\u2014<\/span>eliminated uncertainty as much as possible. Because the articles needed unanimous approval they highly limited abuse, while maintaining a strong system of accountability. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40270900?mag=the-pirate-creed&amp;seq=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d63dd50\" data-id=\"d63dd50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0427a3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f0427a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b960143 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b960143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e6\/%22Signing_the_Articles%22_from_the_1936_Pac-Kups_%22Jolly_Roger_Pirates%22_trading_card_set.png?20200708041315\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"> \"Signing the Articles\" from the 1936 Pac-Kups \"Jolly Roger Pirates\" trading card set<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86df062 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86df062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>History shows that pirate constitutions were a deeply successful form of self governance. Here is an example of the articles of agreement from captain Bartholomew Roberts, one of the wealthiest and most controlled pirates of the Golden age of Piracy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb653db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb653db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41ab22d\" data-id=\"41ab22d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cefab0c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cefab0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e00a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72e00a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The pirate code of conduct of captain bartholomew roberts.<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-082bc1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"082bc1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><b>I.<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Every man has a vote in affairs of moment; has equal title to the fresh provisions, or strong liquors, at any time seized, and may use them at pleasure, unless a scarcity (not an uncommon thing among them) makes it necessary, for the good of all, to vote a retrenchment.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><b>II.<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Every man to be called fairly in turn, by list, on board of prizes because, (over and above their proper share) they were on these occasions allowed a shift of clothes: but if they defrauded the company to the value of a dollar in plate, jewels, or money,\u00a0marooning\u00a0was their punishment. If the robbery was only betwixt one another, they contented themselves with slitting the ears and nose of him that was guilty, and set him on shore, not in an uninhabited place, but somewhere, where he was sure to encounter hardships.<\/p><p><b>III.<\/b>\u00a0No person to game at cards or dice for money.<\/p><p><b>IV.<\/b>\u00a0The lights and candles to be put out at eight o&#8217;clock at night: if any of the crew, after that hour still remained inclined for drinking, they were to do it on the open deck.<\/p><p><b>V.<\/b>\u00a0To keep their piece, pistols, and cutlass clean and fit for service.<\/p><p><b>VI.<\/b>\u00a0No boy or woman to be allowed amongst them. If any man were to be found seducing any of the latter sex, and carried her to sea, disguised, he was to suffer death; (so that when any fell into their hands, as it chanced in the Onslow, they put a sentinel immediately over her to prevent ill consequences from so dangerous an instrument of division and quarrel; but then here lies the roguery; they contend who shall be sentinel, which happens generally to one of the greatest bullies, who, to secure the lady&#8217;s virtue, will let none lie with her but himself.)<\/p><p><b>VII.<\/b>\u00a0To desert the ship or their quarters in battle, was punished with death or marooning.<\/p><p><b>VIII.<\/b>\u00a0No striking one another on board, but every man&#8217;s quarrels to be ended on shore, at sword and pistol. (The quarter-master of the ship, when the parties will not come to any reconciliation, accompanies them on shore with what assistance he thinks proper, and turns the disputant back to back, at so many paces distance; at the word of command, they turn and fire immediately (or else the piece is knocked out of their hands). If both miss, they come to their cutlasses, and then he is declared the victor who draws the first blood.)<\/p><p><b>IX.<\/b>\u00a0No man to talk of breaking up their way of living, till each had shared one thousand pounds. If in order to this, any man should lose a limb, or become a cripple in their service, he was to have eight hundred dollars, out of the public stock, and for lesser hurts, proportionately.<\/p><p><b>X.<\/b>\u00a0The\u00a0Captain\u00a0and\u00a0Quartermaster\u00a0to receive two shares of a prize: the\u00a0master,\u00a0boatswain, and\u00a0gunner, one share and a half, and other officers one and quarter.<\/p><p><b>XI.<\/b>\u00a0The musicians to have rest on the Sabbath Day, but the other six days and nights, none without special favour. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40270900?mag=the-pirate-creed&amp;seq=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4eb9a66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4eb9a66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb54dd2\" data-id=\"fb54dd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1abd15f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1abd15f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, just because there is a set agreement to follow rules, doesn\u2019t always mean they are recognized. Especially among those who made lying and thieving their occupation, how could there be any system of accountability? This was the second way of behavior regulation:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57a57d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57a57d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-818df04\" data-id=\"818df04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fa2135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9fa2135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a85585 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2a85585\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b04f916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b04f916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>\u201c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All sea bandits followed the basic rule of \u201cno prey, no pay.\u201d Unless a pirating expedition was successful, no man received any payment<\/span><b>\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #060606;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\">Quoted From Peter Leeson&#8217;s &#8220;An-arrgh-chy: The Law and Economics of Pirate Organization, Page 1070<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8b9f4b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8b9f4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fe013f\" data-id=\"2fe013f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae4664f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae4664f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The invisible governence of criminals: Mutual economic interest<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85d7077 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85d7077\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab8dd87\" data-id=\"ab8dd87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28a53f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28a53f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Put simply, pirates nearly always behaved because they had an economic incentive. The elimination of merchant captains also eliminated wages. This change made pirate wages contingent on profit, so a pirate ship that functioned poorly would not exist for long. Pirates also created a new system of profit distribution, based on contribution. According to Rediker, \u201cThe distribution of plunder was regulated explicitly by the ship&#8217;s articles, which allowed booty according to skills and duty. Captains and quartermasters received between one and one-half and two shares\u2026and all [sailors] got one share each\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1918775?seq=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a> The Pirates\u2019 new system of wealth distribution was based on meritocracy. As a result, captains\u2014who used to directly control the wages of their sailors\u2014had far less power. No longer an essential part of the economic structure at sea, captains were now replaceable. Mutual interest served as yet another powerful tool for pirate organizations. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a> While violence was certainly enforced to maintain order on a pirate ship, pirates&#8217; mutual interest in money was what truly encouraged and incentivized collaboration.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23211d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f23211d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/89\/Pg_154_-_So_the_Treasure_was_Divided.jpg\/1024px-Pg_154_-_So_the_Treasure_was_Divided.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">An illustration depicting pirates dividing their loot according to the crews' articles of agreement. The Illustration was made in 1921 by artist Howard Pyle<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c8f62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c8f62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f510d54\" data-id=\"f510d54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bc3e2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bc3e2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c57130a\" data-id=\"c57130a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96c3a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96c3a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>LOOKING BACK ON GOLDEN AGE PIRATES: WHAT WE CAN LEARN <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8260432 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8260432\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8aec05b\" data-id=\"8aec05b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3d103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a3d103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can learn three things from our examination of piracy in the 17th century:<\/span><\/p><ol><li>Much like citizens with elected officials, \u201cfoot soldiers\u201d in a criminal enterprise are vulnerable to the abuses of their leaders (captains). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/li><li>The institutions aboard pirate ships\u2014checks and balances, voting rights, and constitutions\u2014are remarkably similar to the legal forms of governance in our world. This suggests that tools governments employ to keep their leaders accountable, can be utilized effectively by criminals to maintain order. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Organized criminals are as interested in creating systems of order among themselves as non-criminals are. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/526403?searchText=law+and+economics+of+pirate&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dlaw%2Band%2Beconomics%2Bof%2Bpirate%26so%3Drel&amp;ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6292%2Ftest_segment_1&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Addfd002d128ae2f95785cc78872b4c59&amp;seq=42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It may now seem strange to examine 17th-century pirates simply as charismatic crazy-men delighting in their plunders at sea. Instead, pirates intentionally created several intricate systems of checks and balances, constitutions, collective interest, and other forms of self-governance to protect their rights and prevent abuse. The success of these golden age pirates demonstrate that systems of order and accountability are essential for everyone, whether you are a citizen of a government or a member of a criminal syndicate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-986bcbb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"986bcbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8b8b38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8b8b38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0665007\" data-id=\"0665007\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ef27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171ef27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Image Sources:<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/361527<\/p><p>https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_sailor_is_stripped_to_the_waist,_tied_to_a_ladder_and_bein_Wellcome_V0041675.jpg<\/p><p>https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Capture_of_the_Pirate_Blackbeard.jpg<\/p><p>https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%22Signing_the_Articles%22_from_the_1936_Pac-Kups_%22Jolly_Roger_Pirates%22_trading_card_set.png<\/p><p>https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pg_154_-_So_the_Treasure_was_Divided.jpg<\/p><p>Additional Citations:<\/p><p>Leeson T, Peter. Personal Interview. 20 Mar. 2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cOrganized crime requires the cooperation of lots of criminals working together. So the question is if you don&#8217;t have a government there to ensure that people behave\u2014people who&#8217;ve committed themselves to theft and violence as a way of living\u2014how are you going to make sure that they don&#8217;t use theft and violence against each other?\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-211","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":261,"date":"2015-07-14T14:50:10","date_gmt":"2015-07-14T14:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.kriesi.at\/minimal-portfolio\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2022-04-29T04:19:25","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T04:19:25","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/","title":{"rendered":"Main Menu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible top-to-bottom av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/studious-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:20px; '><p>STUDIOUS SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/unnamed.jpg' alt='' title='unnamed'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible top-to-bottom av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/self-reflective-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#0a0a0a; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:17px; '><p>SELF REFLECTIVE SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/ehamlet.jpg' alt='' title='ehamlet'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible top-to-bottom av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/social-justice-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:16px; '><p>SOCIAL JUSTICE SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/evote.jpg' alt='' title='evote'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible top-to-bottom av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/storytelling-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:16px; '><p>STORYTELLING SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/estory.jpg' alt='' title='estory'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible bottom-to-top av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/sightseeing-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:16px; '><p>SIGHTSEEING SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/etravl.jpg' alt='' title='etravl'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible bottom-to-top av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/sous-chef-somers\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:20px; '><p>SOUS CHEF SOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/echef.jpg' alt='' title='echef'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible bottom-to-top av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/about-me\/' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:23px; '><p>ABOUT ME<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/eeroarch-2.jpg' alt='' title='eeroarch (2)'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible bottom-to-top av-styling- av-hover-grow noHover  av-overlay-on-hover  avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/swashbuckling' class='avia_image'  ><div class='av-image-caption-overlay'><div class='av-caption-image-overlay-bg' style='opacity:0.5; background-color:#000000; '><\/div><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-position'><div class='av-image-caption-overlay-center' style='color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; '><p>SWASHBUCKLING<br \/>\nSOMERS<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1990\/2022\/04\/epirate.jpg' alt='' title='epirate'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3796,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-261","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3796"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/es4210a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]