[{"id":318,"date":"2022-05-03T18:55:52","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T18:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=318"},"modified":"2022-05-04T04:30:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-04T04:30:13","slug":"learn-more","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/learn-more\/","title":{"rendered":"Learn More"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"318\" class=\"elementor elementor-318\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ff3d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ff3d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c2a994\" data-id=\"0c2a994\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd9f37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dd9f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Please take the time to visit the links below to learn more about the history of Dumbarton House and to explore galleries and exhibitions in the greater D.C. area that are dedicated to educating the public on Black arts and cultures across hemispheres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b4634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55b4634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To Visit: Black Owned Art Galleries in D.C.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e286dae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e286dae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-94d4379\" data-id=\"94d4379\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90cbb68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90cbb68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><u>Mehari Sequar Gallery<\/u><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f1e60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14f1e60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Located at 1402 H St. NE, Washington, DC 20002, Mehari Sequar Gallery is an independent gallery dedicated to vocalizing narratives of the African Diaspora through contemporary art. The gallery highlights a range of established, emerging, and international artists who explore conceptual approaches across a variety of mediums. As a hub, the Mehari Sequar Gallery aids artists and scholars to interrogate the influence of Black arts and culture across the globe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231c12c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"231c12c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meharisequargallery.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore Mehari Sequar Gallery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-51f6764\" data-id=\"51f6764\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fb106b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fb106b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><u>11:Eleven Gallery<\/u><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2a5a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a2a5a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Located at 10 Florida Ave NW, Washington D.C, 20001, 11:Eleven Gallery specializes in UK and contemporary art. The gallery is an homage to owner, director, and curator, Nicola Charles&#8217;s London roots and exhibits art from established and emerging contemporary artists. She states that &#8220;art should be inclusive to all and exclusive to none.&#8221; Such inclusivity as at the heart of 11:Eleven&#8217;s mission.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f90f4a elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0f90f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.11elevengallery.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore 11:Eleven Gallery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e1766 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9e1766\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To View: <i>Afro-Atlantic Histories<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc0b835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc0b835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0Currently on view at the National Gallery of Art, <i>Afro-Atlantic Histories <\/i>exhibits more than 400 works by more than 200 artists from the 16th to the 21st Century to express and examine the &#8220;ebbs and flows&#8221; between Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, and Europe. Instead of a singular history, <em>Histories\u00a0<\/em>are plural and enable the exhibition to deliver a myriad of narratives that inserts diverse and marginalized characters within the art-historical canon. Distinctly exhibited in the West Building, <em>Afro-Atlantic Histories\u00a0<\/em>presents a challenge that disrupts the strict discipline of the art historical canon. The centrality of Western art museums and institutions such as the National Gallery of Art hinges on establishing their roots within the canonical European masters and geniuses who were primarily white and male. <em>Afro-Atlantic Histories\u00a0<\/em>directly severs that narrative and, in opposition, begs the cannon and society to confront the marginalized, forgotten, and discriminated pasts <em>and\u00a0<\/em>presents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d416e98 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d416e98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nga.gov\/exhibitions\/2022\/afro-atlantic-histories.html\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore Afro-Atlantic Histories<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-064b3b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"064b3b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To Read: \"Representations of Slavery in Washington, D.C.: A Case Study on Presenting Slavery at Dumbarton House.\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0837c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0837c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Christopher Charles Celauro&#8217;s Masters Thesis, explores the representation of slavery in house museums. The thesis includes an overview of urban slavery in D.C., a critique of representations of slavery in museums, analyses of other D.C. historic houses, and includes a chapter on Dumbarton House. Celauro argues a similar conclusion as our group in which Dumbarton House \u201ctrivializes the significance of slavery to the overall functioning of the house as an urban farm during the Federal period\u201d (37). Explore this work in depth below.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d552dd5 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d552dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/pqdtlocal1006559\/docview\/305353935\/fulltextPDF\/74BB16E18C1A44AAPQ\/1?accountid=8285\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read \u201cRepresentations of Slavery in Washington, D.C.\u201d<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3a3e elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e4e3a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Welcome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37a5fdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"37a5fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/the-national-society-of-the-colonial-dames-of-america\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-closed\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Remembering D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Please take the time to visit the links below to learn more about the history of Dumbarton House and to explore galleries and exhibitions in the greater D.C. area that are dedicated to educating the public on Black arts and cultures across hemispheres. \/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-318","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/318\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":160,"date":"2022-04-12T21:40:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T21:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=160"},"modified":"2022-05-03T20:21:26","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T20:21:26","slug":"introduction-hallway","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction-hallway\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction- Constructing D.C."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"160\" class=\"elementor elementor-160\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ebc1d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ebc1d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ff4e72\" data-id=\"0ff4e72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8fa5c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8fa5c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Constructing D.C. at Dumbarton House<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d95006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"3d95006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='czr-gallery row flex-row czr-gallery-style gallery galleryid-160 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item col col-auto'>\r\n                        <div class='gallery-icon portrait czr-gallery-icon'>\r\n                              <a data-lb-type=\"grouped-gallery\" href=https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2.png class=\"bg-link\"><\/a><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2296\" height=\"3061\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1200px) 1110px, (min-width: 992px) 930px, (min-width: 768px) 690px, (min-width: 576px) 510px, calc( 100vw - 30px )\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2.png 2296w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2-773x1030.png 773w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2-768x1024.png 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2-1152x1536.png 1152w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Mirror-with-text-2-1536x2048.png 1536w\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div><\/figure>\r\n                  <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13aadb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"13aadb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f2c77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f2c77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f86ea\" data-id=\"06f86ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-83ba4bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83ba4bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a52014a\" data-id=\"a52014a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c75245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0c75245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120-min.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-215\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120-min.jpg 512w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120-min-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1cf45e\" data-id=\"d1cf45e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67913f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67913f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eastman Johnson, <i>Negro Life at the South<\/i>, 1859, Oil on Linen.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6c2d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc6c2d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in;font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #edebeb\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eastman Johnson\u2019s <\/span><b><i>Negro Life at the South<\/i><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">depicts an enslaved community home located on a back street in Washington, D.C. Commonly<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> mislabeled as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Old Kentucky Ho<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">me, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Johnson\u2019s depiction of enslaved life in the Capital city separates his figures into stereotypes of African Americans. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The nickname <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Old Kentucky Home, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">comes from a misconception that the image depicted slavery in Kentucky, and not the American utopia that was perceived as Washington D.C.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A range of domestic activities can be seen, men playing the banjo are present, and a variety of racial ancestry is shown. Despite the typical stereotypes presented, Johnson\u2019s work gives contemporary viewers a look into an enslaved person\u2019s life in Washington, D.C. in the nineteenth century.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f962efd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f962efd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe2ed20\" data-id=\"fe2ed20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1384a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1384a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/washington-fam.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-217\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/washington-fam.jpg 512w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/washington-fam-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/washington-fam-510x379.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-441a948\" data-id=\"441a948\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-710e9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"710e9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edward<i> Savage, The Washington Family<\/i>, 1789-1796, Oil on Canvas.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be88e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7be88e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in;font-size: 12pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ede8e8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Edward Savage\u2019s <\/span><b><i>The Washington Family<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the couple and their adopted grandchildren ponder over a map of the plans for Washington, D.C., of which the president himself was an avid advocate. In the right corner, one of the people enslaved by Washington lingers in the background, while none of the family members look at him. The inclusion of the enslaved individual reminds the viewer of who would actually complete the manual labor for Washington\u2019s blueprint of the Capital.<\/span><b><i> The Washington Family<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has become a symbol of D.C. pride because it plays into this fictitious narrative of mythical founding fathers who planned the nation and the District on an ideal of liberties that did not apply to everyone. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9399bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c9399bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9bb55f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b9bb55f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM-1030x382.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-278\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM-1030x382.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM-768x285.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM-1536x570.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.37.33-PM.jpg 1834w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-04aa4a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"04aa4a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fc9b78\" data-id=\"7fc9b78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-580cdc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"580cdc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tim Davis, <i>Life Vest<\/i>, 2016, Acrylic on canvas.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-52f3c65\" data-id=\"52f3c65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38dabe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38dabe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Matthew Brady, Thomas H. McCallister; Lantern slide of the slave dealers, Birch &amp; Co., in Alexandria, Virginia; 1862; albumen, sodium chloride, silver nitrate, glass, metal, ink on paper, adhesive.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9486edd\" data-id=\"9486edd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eeaf37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1eeaf37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Anne Bouie, <i>Which Way Out No. 1<\/i>, 2017, Mixed media.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7032fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b7032fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a519e40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a519e40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fd2258\" data-id=\"2fd2258\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88e3262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"88e3262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/SAAM-2008.19.1.11_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-220\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/SAAM-2008.19.1.11_1.jpg 512w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/SAAM-2008.19.1.11_1-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/SAAM-2008.19.1.11_1-510x378.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29195b4\" data-id=\"29195b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ec2abc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ec2abc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kara Walker, <i>Lost Mountain at Sunrise, from the portfolio Harper\u2019s Pictorial History of the Civil War (Annotated)<\/i>, 2005, print.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-218a4a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"218a4a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #e6e1e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kara Walker\u2019s contemporary series is responding to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harper\u2019s Weekly Pictorial History <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">publication from 1866 that summarizes the Civil War. The solid dark silhouettes interrupt the District of Columbia skyline with the haunting reality of the oppression, violence, and forced labor endured by enslaved Black Americans in these landscapes. Walker overlays her own cutouts of African American figures over the original publication of Civil War battle landscapes. Walker\u2019s work is a contemporary perspective on the realities of constructing the landscape and the collective memory of slavery.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0f638b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d0f638b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65b753b\" data-id=\"65b753b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3000950 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3000950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/building-d-c\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Building D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eff446c elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eff446c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-closed\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Welcome <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px} Constructing D.C. at Dumbarton House \/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item img{margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item .gallery-caption{margin:0}.elementor-image-gallery figure img{display:block}.elementor-image-gallery figure figcaption{width:100%}.gallery-spacing-custom .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-icon{padding:0}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item{max-width:16.666%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item{max-width:14.28%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item{max-width:12.5%}.elementor-image-gallery [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-160","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/160\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":61,"date":"2022-03-31T19:39:32","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T19:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=61"},"modified":"2022-05-04T15:16:33","modified_gmt":"2022-05-04T15:16:33","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction- Constructing D.C."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"61\" class=\"elementor elementor-61\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12179af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12179af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54f17b7\" data-id=\"54f17b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61bc4fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61bc4fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welcome to Constructing D.C.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3cf7a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a3cf7a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-1030x906.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-330\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-1030x906.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-768x675.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-1536x1351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Top-of-Stairs-Label-2048x1801.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed31f2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-testimonial\" data-id=\"ed31f2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"testimonial.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-meta elementor-has-image elementor-testimonial-image-position-aside\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-meta-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1789\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-21\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1-300x210.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1-1030x720.jpeg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1-768x537.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1-1536x1073.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/03\/DH-Front-Facade-scaled-1-2048x1431.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-name\">Marie-Claire Kent, Joy Pierce, Amy Kruse, and Grace Edson<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-844580e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"844580e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d7f7be\" data-id=\"8d7f7be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2c0df7 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b2c0df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction-hallway\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Introduction- Constructing D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px} Welcome to Constructing D.C. \/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&#8221;.svg&#8221;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} \/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-testimonial-wrapper{overflow:hidden;text-align:center}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-content{font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:20px}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-name{line-height:1.5;display:block}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-job{font-size:.85em;display:block}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta{width:100%;line-height:1}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta-inner{display:inline-block}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta .elementor-testimonial-details,.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta .elementor-testimonial-image{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta .elementor-testimonial-image img{width:60px;height:60px;border-radius:50%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;max-width:none}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta.elementor-testimonial-image-position-aside .elementor-testimonial-image{padding-right:15px}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta.elementor-testimonial-image-position-aside .elementor-testimonial-details{text-align:left}.elementor-testimonial-wrapper .elementor-testimonial-meta.elementor-testimonial-image-position-top [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":215,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-61","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":54,"date":"2022-03-31T19:32:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T19:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=54"},"modified":"2022-05-03T20:22:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T20:22:02","slug":"building-d-c","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/building-d-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Building D.C."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"54\" class=\"elementor elementor-54\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-347dcf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"347dcf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9260417\" data-id=\"9260417\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15e5bf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15e5bf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Building DC\u2019s Iconic Buildings: Capitol &amp; White House: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85a0f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85a0f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When George Washington and Thomas Jefferson set out to build the nation\u2019s Capital, they did so without considering the challen<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ge of the task.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These men embarked on this project without a clear source of funding. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Washington\u2019s plan also <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">included the appointment of three enslavers as the city\u2019s first commissioners and those commissioners turned to slave labor to carry out these plans. These choices made the construction of D.C. heavily dependent on slavery. Despite this, there is only one existing account of enslaved labor on the Capitol, written by a Polish tourist visiting the city. Putting social class above training and experience resulted in years of inadequate work that was left to the hands of free and enslaved laborers to fix.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u201cTemple of Liberty,\u201d the United States Capitol, was built by enslaved people who were \u201crented\u201d from their enslavers. Renting enslaved individuals was a common practice in the Potomac area. Black enslaved laborers worked alongside freed Black laborers in trades like masonry, roofing, plastering, carpentry, glazing, and painting, while the activity of sawing was reserved exclusively for enslaved people. Like its exterior fa\u00e7ade, the White House\u2019s history has been white washed, and the stories of those who were enslaved in the White House have gone ignored and largely forgotten. Enslaved labor was used in both the construction of the White House and in its day-to-day operations under the first twelve of fourteen presidents. To this day, there are no monuments or memorials dedicated to the freed and enslaved Black people that constructed the United States Capitol, the White House, or the National Mall.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ecbe1db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ecbe1db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-483c712\" data-id=\"483c712\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de1360 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7de1360\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"409\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.16.49-PM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-292\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.16.49-PM.jpg 409w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.16.49-PM-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c53615\" data-id=\"0c53615\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8359e9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8359e9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thackara &amp; Valance, <i>Plan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia<\/i>; 1792; cloth, leather, ink<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27f6e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"27f6e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc2db2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc2db2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM-1030x409.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-291\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM-1030x409.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM-768x305.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM-1536x610.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.14.19-PM.jpg 1848w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b2de97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b2de97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-07c06ef\" data-id=\"07c06ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3852670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3852670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peter Waddell; <i>A Vision Takes Form: The White House Under Construction, 1796<\/i>; 2007; Oil on canvas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-959a4d5\" data-id=\"959a4d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b853bb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b853bb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benjamin Latrobe; <i>The White House (\u201cPresident\u2019s House\u201d) Washington, D.C. South front elevation<\/i>; watercolor, wash, ink; 1817<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d69794 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7d69794\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2be8ab3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2be8ab3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-132cd08\" data-id=\"132cd08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8638ffe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8638ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/banneker.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-223\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea4917a\" data-id=\"ea4917a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2026656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2026656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maxime Seelbinder, <i>Benjamin Banneker: Surveyor- Inventor- Astronomer, at the Recorder of Deeds building, built in 1943. 515 D. St., NW, Washington, D.C.<\/i>, 2010. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c837425 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c837425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maxime Seelbinder\u2019s mural commemorates Benjamin Banneker. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As an astronomer and mathematician, Banneker was approached by the abolitionist Andrew Ellicott to survey the land of what would be the U.S. Capital. Due to his experience, Banneker used mathematical calculations to establish boundary points for the District of Columbia and contributed to the design of the federal city in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">significant <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ways. This mural depicts Banneker as an author <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">through the inclusion of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Banneker\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Almanac, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">as<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a skilled<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> architect <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">through<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the early plan for the city of Washington, and, most importantly, as an equal. Standing around four white men, Banneker is positioned at the foreground of the composition <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">showcasing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> his intellect. Banneker\u2019s participation in the construction of Washington, D.C. directly challenged the existing racial hierarchy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f10c4f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f10c4f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93fc7a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93fc7a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3c52a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c3c52a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44a7b10\" data-id=\"44a7b10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ec71b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74ec71b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Emancipation &amp; Black Abolitionists<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3474e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3474e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Throughout the country, the fact that slavery was occuring in the United States\u2019 Capital city was highly debated. How could the Capital of the Union also support slavery? On April 16th, 1862, the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, originally sponsored by senator Henry Wilson from Massachusetts, became law. The law freed almost 3,000 enslaved individuals by paying their enslavers $300 per enslaved person. Despite the emancipation of enslaved people in Washington, D.C., Virginia and Maryland both remained slave states. Victims of slavery were still being transported though D.C. and slaves were sold on the district borders. Enslavers were so determined to keep slavery alive in the district that formerly enslaved Black citizens from D.C. were kidnapped, transferred out of D.C., and sold. Only a year after D.C.\u2019s emancipation, on January 1, 1863, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the bloody Civil War. The Union needed soldiers, and freed slaves\u2019 labor could be used to fight against the Confederacy. The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution assured freedom for all for current and future states, while the fifteenth amendment allowed men of color to vote. Emancipation brought the hope for equality and equity, but unfortunately no reparations to this day have been paid to the ancestors of the Black men and women who helped construct D.C.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and the United States.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da51035 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"da51035\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='czr-gallery row flex-row czr-gallery-style gallery galleryid-54 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item col col-auto'>\r\n                        <div class='gallery-icon landscape czr-gallery-icon'>\r\n                              <a data-lb-type=\"grouped-gallery\" href=https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.12.10-PM.jpg class=\"bg-link\"><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.12.10-PM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1200px) 540px, (min-width: 992px) 450px, (min-width: 768px) 330px, (min-width: 576px) 240px, calc( 50vw - 30px )\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.12.10-PM.jpg 502w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-2.12.10-PM-300x203.jpg 300w\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col col-auto'>\r\n                        <div class='gallery-icon landscape czr-gallery-icon'>\r\n                              <a data-lb-type=\"grouped-gallery\" href=https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM.jpg class=\"bg-link\"><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1987\" height=\"1042\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1200px) 540px, (min-width: 992px) 450px, (min-width: 768px) 330px, (min-width: 576px) 240px, calc( 50vw - 30px )\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM.jpg 1987w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM-1030x540.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.22.32-PM-1536x805.jpg 1536w\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div><\/figure>\r\n                  <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6faa1c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6faa1c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67c1212\" data-id=\"67c1212\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30fdcd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30fdcd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Index of Enslaved Laborers associated with the construction of the White House and the Capitol Building:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16d243 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16d243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research conducted by historian Bob Arnebeck provides us with the names of at least 201 enslaved laborers that worked on the construction of the Capitol, the White House, and the Federal City itself. When construction began, Capitol Hill as we know it today was a wooded area. Pierre L\u2019Enfant, the man tasked with designing the city, used these men to clear the sites for both the Capitol and the White House. These men were kept on site to further assist in carpentry, masonry, brickmaking, stone-cutting, plastering, and painting. These jobs required a great amount of skill and incredible endurance.\u00a0 These men worked six days a week, from sun-up to sun-down, a routine which undoubtedly took a toll both mentally and physically. For years, this work went without any compensation or recognition. Although this history of exploitation cannot be undone, it is our duty to learn their names and acknowledge their role in the creation of our nation\u2019s capital. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03b95a1\" data-id=\"03b95a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a861a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72a861a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Collection of Labor Documents, 1794-1795, Paper, ink<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-22eec37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22eec37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79ccac7\" data-id=\"79ccac7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f46027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f46027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"426\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/2011-87-1-pma.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-237\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/2011-87-1-pma.jpg 426w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/2011-87-1-pma-250x300.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf0ce71\" data-id=\"bf0ce71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a714e05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a714e05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charles Wilson Peal<i>e, Yarrow Mamout (Mamadou Yarrow)<\/i>, 1819, Oil on canvas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f85af07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f85af07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e366d11\" data-id=\"e366d11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef97d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ef97d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM-1030x352.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-303\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM-1030x352.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM-1536x525.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.19.13-PM.jpg 1562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c76721b\" data-id=\"c76721b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56dfae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56dfae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Joseph Trammel, Tin box handmade and carried by Joseph Trammell to hold freedom papers, 1852, Tin.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d12c8b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d12c8b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After an enslaved person was set free at the will of their enslavers, a certificate was given to the freed individual to prove their new status as a legal free person of color. The document includes an extremely detailed description of Trammell\u2019s physical appearance to identify him. Freedom papers became family relics to individuals who were once enslaved; the importance of such papers can be seen in the<\/span><b> handmade tin box <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">made to hold Joseph Trammell\u2019s papers. Most likely, Trammel kept the box in his pocket as a way to identify himself and to protect himself against people who would question his status. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-27bf07b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27bf07b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-de09296\" data-id=\"de09296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b45784 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b45784\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"511\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/nast2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-240\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/nast2.jpg 511w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/nast2-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b8f850\" data-id=\"7b8f850\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb35b3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb35b3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thomas Nast; <i>Emancipation of the Negroes - The Past and the Future, from Harper's Weekly<\/i>; 1863; Wood engraving<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a19fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8a19fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Famous cartoonist and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harper\u2019s Weekly <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">illustrator, Thomas Nast\u2019s, depiction of the <\/span><b><i>Emancipation of the Negros &#8211; The Past and The Future <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">shows the horrors of slavery, but also depicts the hope of familial prosperity emancipation could bring. The two-page spread depicts multiple generations of African Americans, young and old, embracing one another after manumission. However, emancipation did not and could not amend the trauma inflicted upon generations of Black Americans or prevent the racist legacy of slavery from being enshrined within American society.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45560f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"45560f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6534d78 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6534d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/black-presence-enslavement-at-dumbarton-house\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Making a Home - Enslavement at Dumbarton House<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7b3c49 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c7b3c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction-hallway\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-closed\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Introduction- Constructing D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px} Building DC\u2019s Iconic Buildings: Capitol &amp; White House: When George Washington and Thomas Jefferson set out to build the nation\u2019s Capital, they did so without considering the challenge of the task. These men embarked on this project without a clear source [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":292,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":52,"date":"2022-03-31T19:28:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T19:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=52"},"modified":"2022-05-03T23:25:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T23:25:15","slug":"the-national-society-of-the-colonial-dames-of-america","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/the-national-society-of-the-colonial-dames-of-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Remembering D.C."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52\" class=\"elementor elementor-52\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16c202b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16c202b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a19a629\" data-id=\"a19a629\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0967601 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0967601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Smithsonian Acquisition of Dumbarton House from NSCDA:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e684ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e684ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smithsonian Institution is proud to announce its acquisition of Dumbarton House. The NSCDA worked to preserve and restore this historic home for close to a century, but vastly overlooked and underplayed the significance of the free and enslaved laborers who resided and worked here at Dumbarton House. The organization itself has a long history of historic preservation, privileging white wealthy individuals in both membership and narrative. By their own standards of membership, the NSCDA only admits women who are direct descendants of individuals of \u201cworthy life\u201d from America\u2019s colonial period, undeniably limiting membership to white women of inherited privilege. Their preservation efforts have likewise been focused on houses who belonged to elite members of colonial society, and the social circles in which they participated. The Smithsonian\u2019s acquisition of Dumbarton House will allow for robust and inclusive research, and to share the living history of the home and those who lived and labored here, and played a crucial role in the construction of the District of Columbia. Rather than limit Dumbarton House\u2019s interpretation to that of its prominent white owners, the Smithsonian will endeavor to contextualize the varied histories of individuals who lived and worked here.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31d301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e31d301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.33.07-PM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-251\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.33.07-PM.jpg 382w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.33.07-PM-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8548d6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8548d6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-adf1a3a\" data-id=\"adf1a3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03f5926 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03f5926\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Advertisement for Dumbarton House, 20th Century<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6589d1\" data-id=\"a6589d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c929bc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c929bc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Photo of Dumbarton House, 21st Century<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-401b1d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"401b1d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e4c686 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e4c686\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-96eb0d9\" data-id=\"96eb0d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80f7a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e80f7a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"359\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM-1030x359.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-249\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM-1030x359.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM-768x268.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM-1536x536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-25-at-10.13.38-PM.jpg 1889w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Needlepoint NSCDA State Seals (from left to right): Barbara Burns, Washington, District of Columbia, c. 1995-1999; Mrs. Edward C. Turner, Maryland, c. 1995-1999; Mrs. Charles F. Moore, Virginia, c. 1995-1999.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-28b4b3e\" data-id=\"28b4b3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e2bb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e2bb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Needle-point Historical Role of Women in Preservation:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d12835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d12835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Made by women artists at the end of the twentieth century, each of these needlepoints was stitched to commemorate the incorporation of each state into the NSCDA nearly a century prior. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In keeping with nineteenth-century tradition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, these women chose to identify themselves only through their husbands\u2019 names.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1891, a group of women founded the NSCDA with three objectives in mind: historic preservation, patriotic service, and education. White nineteenth-century women were charged,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and charged themselves,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with being society\u2019s cultural and moral guardians. Wealthy women took this responsibility to expand their role outside of their own domestic spheres. They exercised this power in the preservation of historical sites they viewed as representative of the nation\u2019s ideals. This effort led to the preservation of Dumbarton House and the Nourse family history, but at the expense of the free and enslaved Black individuals who labored at their behest. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a82c5b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a82c5b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b000a7d\" data-id=\"b000a7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1286b74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1286b74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.47.59-PM.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-294\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.47.59-PM.png 598w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-4.47.59-PM-274x300.png 274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48a9c2a\" data-id=\"48a9c2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94901d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b94901d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Women from Mount Zion group \/ Female Union Band Society Cemetery:\n[Author Unknown], Female Union Band Society Constitution, 1859\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a2499 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7a2499\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a time when the constitution of the United States of America did not protect them, the founders of the Female Union Band Society Cemetery wrote their own constitution. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Female Union Band Society was founded in 1842 as a cooperative benevolent society founded by a group of free Black and Native American Women, with the purpose of providing financial assistance to members who fell ill, and to their surviving family members upon their death.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thousands of individuals have been laid to rest at the cemetery, including people enslaved at Dumbarton House. The Female Union Band Society represents the human need to support one another and preserve and honor one\u2019s memory, an endeavor that was not limited to white society in the nineteenth century. Moreover, it represents an instance of a group of women of color, the most marginalized in society, coalescing in order to support one another and reassert control over their own destinies. Situated just across the street from Dumbarton House, considering the Female Union Band Society and Cemetery helps to geographically contextualize Dumbarton House\u2019s histories. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61cbc18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"61cbc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-520f465 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"520f465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/learn-more\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa8f9b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"aa8f9b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/black-presence-enslavement-at-dumbarton-house\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-closed\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Making a Home- Enslavement at Dumbarton House<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]&gt;a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px} Smithsonian Acquisition of Dumbarton House from NSCDA: The Smithsonian Institution is proud to announce its acquisition of Dumbarton House. The NSCDA worked to preserve and restore this historic home for close to a century, but vastly overlooked and underplayed the significance [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":50,"date":"2022-03-31T19:25:57","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T19:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/?page_id=50"},"modified":"2022-05-03T17:57:28","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T17:57:28","slug":"black-presence-enslavement-at-dumbarton-house","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/introduction\/black-presence-enslavement-at-dumbarton-house\/","title":{"rendered":"Making a Home &#8211; Enslavement at Dumbarton House"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"50\" class=\"elementor elementor-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ad41f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ad41f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-663ae62\" data-id=\"663ae62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-395046e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"395046e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f77cbb\" data-id=\"8f77cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-798f25a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"798f25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-7.54.40-PM.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-304\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-7.54.40-PM.png 930w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-7.54.40-PM-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-7.54.40-PM-768x390.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e86d32b\" data-id=\"e86d32b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-858e026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"858e026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the lower level of Dumbarton House is dedicated to the influential Nourse family who owned the property, this upper level is dedicated to naming those individuals who lived and labored here. Unfortunately, most of what is known of the enslaved and free workers today is limited to small vignettes found in the personal letters of the Nourse Family and records that indicate where each individual might have worked on the property. This portion of the exhibition is an attempt to right this wrong by recontextualizing the space from their perspective.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ae222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4ae222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to building much of the infrastructure in the federal city, free and enslaved workers also labored in the private sphere. Much like other elite Washington area homes, Dumbarton House relied on the labor of free and enslaved Black people to perform daily functions for the Nourse family who lived here. Many of the objects included in this room would have been used by free and enslaved workers to make the white occupants comfortable. Items like the <\/span><b>Fireplace tongs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><b>Bedwarmer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> serve as a reminder that enslaved and free Black workers rose early in the cold morning to ensure that the Nourses woke to a warm house. For the Nourse family meals, enslaved and free workers prepared and served the food from dishes like this porcelain <\/span><b>Tureen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This room also highlights the artistic expression and aesthetic appreciation of enslaved and free Black workers in Georgetown and beyond. Although commodified themselves, these individuals sought to surround themselves with beautiful objects as exemplified by Catherine Taylor\u2019s bright red <\/span><b>Headscarf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Free and enslaved individuals also produced art that was distinctly shaped by their condition of enslavement. Dave the Potter was known for his earthenware <\/span><b>Jugs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that often featured Bible verses or poetry. As a formerly enslaved person, Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley moved to Washington, D.C. where she eventually secured a position as a dressmaker for Mary Todd Lincoln. Over the course of her work, Keckley collected dress scraps which she then made into a brilliant <\/span><b>Quilt<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a888c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"86a888c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM-1030x577.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-315\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM-1030x577.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM-528x297.jpg 528w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-03-at-1.24.02-PM.jpg 1204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbe7a10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cbe7a10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-46b6d20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46b6d20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-729b2aa\" data-id=\"729b2aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbe9992 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bbe9992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-975x1030.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-209\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-975x1030.jpg 975w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-284x300.jpg 284w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-768x812.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-1454x1536.jpg 1454w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Dave-the-potter-Jug-min-1938x2048.jpg 1938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2771f42\" data-id=\"2771f42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb5cae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8fb5cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dave the Potter, <i>Stoneware Storage Jar<\/i>, 1852.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43d471f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43d471f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This stoneware jug was made by an enslaved craftsman, David Drake. Also known as \u201cDave the Potter,\u201d the artist lived in the Edgefield District of South Carolina. The \u201cLM\u201d inscribed on the side of the jug references Lewis Miles\u2019 plantation where Drake was enslaved. At the time, it was illegal to teach enslaved people to read and write. Scholars have suggested that the bible verses carved into the stoneware were abolitionist metaphors that enslaved people who were using the jug would read while they labored. This jug is a perfect example of a piece that operates as both a piece of art and a utilitarian object.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a236e8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a236e8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdac88d\" data-id=\"bdac88d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7978f84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7978f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/teapot-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-211\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/teapot-2.jpg 296w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/teapot-2-86x300.jpg 86w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/teapot-2-295x1030.jpg 295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ca3b48\" data-id=\"5ca3b48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b9d73a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b9d73a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">John Gaither, Tea and Coffee Service, 1807-1817, silver.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4e491d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4e491d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This <\/span><b>silver tea and coffee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> set would have surely been a welcome sight at the Dumbarton House breakfast table. However, its connotation of beauty and luxury foregrounds the harsh realities of enslavement. The same people who used this set to prepare coffee and tea for the white occupants of Dumbarton House would not have been able to use this set for themselves. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By focusing on their labor in this space, rather than just the elite family who owned the property, we can begin to see the complex histories that exist at Dumbarton House.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c30504c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c30504c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d2b1f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d2b1f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.07.44-PM-1030x366.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-284\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.07.44-PM-1030x366.png 1030w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.07.44-PM-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.07.44-PM-768x273.png 768w, https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-3.07.44-PM.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-32d000a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32d000a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-112c2d0\" data-id=\"112c2d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b310674 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b310674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Catherine Taylor's discharge, c. 1853.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ea26c8\" data-id=\"8ea26c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7283462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7283462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Taylor &amp; Huntington; Lantern slide of the slave dealers, Price, Birch &amp; Co., in Alexandria, Virginia; 1861; albumen, sodium chloride, silver nitrate and glass.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9be63f7\" data-id=\"9be63f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de8417 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5de8417\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Unknown, Tintype of a Young Woman with a White Child, c. 1860, silver on iron photographic plates.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cde377a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cde377a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c757568 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c757568\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b22859\" data-id=\"5b22859\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382921b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"382921b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2051\/2022\/04\/Screen-Shot-2022-04-26-at-12.25.14-PM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-264\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdf27a4\" data-id=\"bdf27a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83e12dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83e12dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley, Quilt, 1850-1875, silk.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ca161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3ca161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-57841611-7fff-6b26-4034-f0dd581d0b79\" style=\"text-align: start\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley was born into slavery in 1818 in Dinwiddie, Virginia. When her enslaver moved to St. Louis, Keckley and her son moved with them. It was there that she began working as a dressmaker. She eventually saved enough money to purchase freedom for herself and her son, allowing her to move to Washington, D.C. in 1860. Here she opened her own shop and quickly became known as one of the best dressmakers in the city, even making dresses for clients such as Mary Todd Lincoln. This quilt was actually made from scraps of silk used for dresses. It serves as a reminder that some enslaved people leveraged their artistic skills for freedom.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5327e67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5327e67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16220e8 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"16220e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/the-national-society-of-the-colonial-dames-of-america\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Remembering D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fce7243 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fce7243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/building-d-c\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-door-closed\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Building D.C.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &#8211; v3.6.5 &#8211; 27-04-2022 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&#8221;.svg&#8221;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} While the lower level of Dumbarton House is dedicated to the influential Nourse family who owned the property, this upper level is dedicated to naming those individuals who lived and labored here. Unfortunately, most of what is known of the enslaved and free [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3852,"featured_media":264,"parent":61,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-50","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3852"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edspace.american.edu\/mk6320a\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]